9/16/2023 0 Comments Teeth diagram![]() ![]() Dentin’s structure can flex and absorb force allowing it to function as a substructure for enamel. Dentin consists of 60% mineral by weight and 20% organic component arranged in a complex organization of tubules filled with fluid. Dentin is the most plentiful tissue in a tooth, and it is mostly responsible for the size and shape of a tooth. Enamel consists of 96% mineral by weight primarily of a complex, highly organized structure of carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite mineral arranged in interlocking prisms giving it its characteristic strength. Enamel is the hardest tissue in the body and serves as a protective outer covering for the tooth crown. The structure of a tooth is made up of specialized tissues that allow it to survive the forces of mastication while maintaining retention in the oral cavity. The biting surface is called the occlusal surface. Mesial refers to the surface closer to the midline of the face, and distal refers to the surface away from the midline of the face. The surfaces referring to the boundaries of adjacent teeth are called mesial and distal. The surface facing the inside of the mouth is referred to as the palatal surface in the maxilla and the lingual surface in the mandible. The surface facing the lip or cheek is called the facial surface for incisors and canines and buccal surfaces for premolars and molars. The crown of the tooth has five surfaces. The molars typically have three roots: a lingual root on the lingual aspect and a mesiobuccal root and distobuccal root on the buccal aspect. The roots of the tooth vary depending on the type of tooth. The apical foramen at the root apex is where the neurovascular structures enter the tooth and travel up the root canal to the expanded pulp chamber of the crown. Dentin makes up the core of the entire tooth that surrounds the pulp, which contains the neurovascular structures. The cementoenamel junction is the anatomical boundary between the enamel-covered crown and cementum covered root. The gingiva covers the border of the alveolar process that is adjacent to the teeth. The crown of the tooth is what is visible in the oral cavity, and the root of the tooth is embedded into the bony ridge of the upper and lower jaws called the alveolar process via attachment to the periodontal ligament. The anatomy of a tooth divides into two main sections: the crown and the root. In the mandible, permanent adult teeth are numbered 17 through 32 from left to right, and primary teeth are labeled with letters K through T from left to right. In the maxilla, permanent adult teeth are numbered 1 through 16 from right to left, and primary teeth are labeled with letters A through J from right to left. ![]() The process fo identifying teeth uses the Universal National System. Permanent dentition also consists of the additional teeth that are three types of molars - first, second, and third. The primary incisors, canines, and molars get replaced by the successional permanent incisors, canines, and premolars. The primary dentition consists of the two types of incisors - central and lateral, canines, and two types of molars - first and second. Human teeth are also diphyodont because there are two generations of teeth during a lifespan: 20 deciduous (primary) teeth and 32 permanent teeth. Human teeth are heterodont and characterized by four tooth classes: incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Teeth are calcified structures found in the oral cavity embedded to the upper jaw (maxilla) and lower jaw (mandible). ![]()
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